Habs and Leafs: A Jersey Shared Parts 1 to 4

Since 1927, when the Canadiens longest standing rival, the Toronto Maple Leafs, first entered the NHL, very few transactions have taken place between the two teams. Perhaps due to the fact that a blown deal between the teams would be cause for aggravated embarrassment, considering the proportions of the rivalry. Because of the small number of trades involving the teams, the number of players who have donned both jerseys is quite minimal through an 80 year history.

I though it would make an interesting piece, to list all of those who have worn both the bleu, blanc, rouge of the Canadiens, and the blue and white of the Leafs, so I did some research and found 72 players who fit the bill as both one time Habs or Maple Leafs.

I have always wondered what the perception are when a player stars for two teams. To which team's history does he belong to and why, are questions I ask myself when going over such players.

Here are the links to the four part series I completed in February.

Part 1 - From the 1920's to the 1950's
Part 2 - The 1960's and 1970's
Part 3 - The 1980's
Part 4 - From 1990 to 2008

Habs Gain Desperate Point, Close In On Ottawa

The Canadiens showed only flashes of the prowess they displayed in the last three games, but still managed to put enough desperation together in the late stages of the game and salvage a precious overtime loss point.

The story of this game however, was an unleashed Alexander Ovechkin who scored four goals - one in each of four periods - to defeat the Habs singlehandedly.

It's been put this way before: Shut Ovechkin down and you have beaten the Capitals.

Of course, the inverse is: Fail to do so, and he'll kill you!

Tonight, Ovechkin made some mere humans look foolish.

It takes a team to shut him up, and Montreal seemed to forget that it wasn't as easy as it looked when they accomplished the trick on Tuesday night.

But enough about Ovechkin, as Alex Kovalev said after the last game, "We have good players on this team. Talk about them!"

Okay Alex, but first let's note that the loss moved the Canadiens closer to first place in the East, as they gained a precious point on Ottawa, who lost to Boston. Overall the Canadiens are tied for third in the NHL. The Habs, Dallas, and San Jose all have 63 points, but the Stars have an extra win in regulation while the Sharks have played three more games.

If anyone had said back in October that Montreal would be 5 points back of Ottawa, and fourth overall on January 31, you would have shouted, "I'll take that!", or "Buddy, it's time to clean out the pipe!"

Indeed!






















It would have been much sweeter had the Habs continued playing as they had on Tuesday, but the Capitals, with Ovechkin, are likely a different prey at home where they have the last change and can manipulate Alexander the GR8 against the Habs countering lines with more ease.

Give the Canadiens players credit for not mailing this one in. They rallied from 3-0 and 4-2 deficits to tie the game late and gain those points that are so important come April.

Certain Habs that shall remain nameless because I'm in a good mood had a brutal first half in this game. They were rescued by the KIddie Corps - the line of Sergei Kostitsyn, Maxim Lapierre, and tonight's hero, Guillaume Latendresse. The Canadiens Kid Line were the team's best line tonight, accounting for three of four goals.

With only a few games under their belt, the trio played as an experienced line should. They brought a frothing enthusiam to a game lacking in it, and each player seems to understand their roles to precision.

It was quite surprising to watch them click in the latter stages of the game. All three players throw hits when the opportunities present themselves - regardless of the opposing players size in the case of Lapierre and Kostitsyn.

Lapierre is the two way conscience of the line, dishing it out, making the first pass, and keeping an eye out for the turnovers poised to retreat. Kostitsyn can play with the puck an extra few seconds, in a manner similar to what Kovalev has mastered, in order to give his linemates time to be positioned. His passes are crisp and hardly telegraphed.

Latendresse's job is the slot and charging it. He's muffed and milliganed on countless chances of late, but is doing enough things right to earn those chances. Consistency of effort paid off in his case tonight. The big winger, often much maligned, is never given enough due credit for what he is and brings to the team. His combination of size, strength and shot are qualities which 29 other teams wished they had in a 20 year old. Those knocking him have all the foresight of a lemming. For his age, Latendresse is immensely mature between the ears. What time, dedication and experience will do for him as a player is convert him into a perenial 35 to 40 goals scorer whose forte is the big game.

Sergei Kostitsyn, drafted in the same year as Latendresse and Carey Price, might turn out to be the best player of the 2005 draft class. Every game I watch him play, the kid shows me not only something new in his game, but something unexpected. Sergei can shoot from any angle, pass in traffic, hit anyone, backcheck with speed, play the PP point, and be a general thorn in the derriere to opponants. He is doggedly determined and full of heart. Tonight he found Latendresse in the slot with an odd angled pass while a Caps defender was bearing down on him.

Just prior to Guillaume's second goal, Kostitsyn did some nifty corner work, took a shot himself that went just wide, and helped keep the puck in his zone by being relentless along the boards and in the corners.

Despite the efforts of the Kid Line, the Habs slow start cost them a point tonight. File it under the "We can't win 'em all" efforts.

Other than the gelling of the Kid Line, the big positive to take is the one point gained on the Senators.

I'm starting to believe that if trends continue, such as the current one wherein the Canadiens keep earning 13 to 15 points in every ten game slice from now until the season's end, we can catch the Senators.

Ottawa, in case you did not know, has won only 17 of 35 games since November 15, when they had an earth shattering record of 15-2. Since then, they have had to deal with injuries to star players (Heatley, Volchenkov, Spezza, Alfredsson), suspect goaltending (Gerber and Emery), star player distractions (Emery again) and contract concerns (Redden). There are triple the trade scenarios floating through their media, and the pressure of a team such as the Habs, whose fandom overtakes their backyard, can only weigh heavily on the psyche of the team.

The Senators have nowhere near the depth Montreal has. Down the stretch the Canadiens can use assets outside the nightly lineup to improve the team via a trade they can't refuse. Ottawa will be gambling by exchanging pieces of their current puzzle.

Bob Gainey will sit poised, taking calls, while Bryan Murray will be making panic calls.

And it might all be decided by that one point the Habs gained tonight.

A pair of side notes for fans of stats and all things trivial:

Tomas Plekanec had two assists tonight, bringing total to 30. At this rate, Plekanec would finish with 48 assists, which wouls top his points total from last season.

The Kostitsyn's became the first Canadiens brothers to score in the same game since Frank and Pete Mahovlich did the trick for the Habs in the 1974 playoffs.

Habs And Leafs: A Jersey Shared - Part 1: The 20's 30's, 40's, and 50's

George Patterson, the first Habs and Leafs player ever

















Since 1927, when the Canadiens longest standing rival, the Toronto Maple Leafs, first entered the NHL, very few transactions have taken place between the two teams. Perhaps due to the fact that a blown deal between the teams would be cause for aggravated embarrassment, considering the proportions of the rivalry. Because of the small number of trades involving the teams, the number of players who have donned both jerseys is quite minimal through an 80 year history.

I though it would make an interesting piece, to list all of those who have worn both the bleu, blanc, rouge of the Canadiens, and the blue and white of the Leafs, so I did some research and found 72 players who fit the bill as both one time Habs or Maple Leafs.

One point of view I sought to bring to this post arises from an incident a few years ago in which a Toronto fan, my daughter's hockey coach, termed a former Hab favorite of mine, as a former Maple Leafs player.

On the occasion of a hockey tournament, Habs current assistant coach Kirk Muller, there to cheer on his daughter and her Kingston Pee Wee team, was brought into our dressing room to give the girls a little pep talk. The coach introduced him to the girls as a recent Leafs player - a devlish grin towards me in jest - and I interjected with "Yeah, and one who won the Stanley Cup with the Montreal Canadiens", to Muller's visible approval and laughter.

In light of that coach's lark, I have always wondered what the perception is when a player stars for two teams. To which team's history does he belong to and why, are questions I ask myself when going over such players.

In my heart, Frank Mahovlich will always be a former Hab to me. Evidence to the contrary, most of his success renders him an all time Leafs great. Although my memories revolve around his great playoffs with Montreal in the early 1970's, he'll be considered a Leaf forever.



















Another angle I wanted to shed light on, is how many players were in which city first, through the decades. I though it might be interesting to note if either team sought out these former players due to previous success or Cup glory. I have noted the players on Stanley Cup winning teams with an asterisk ( * ) and broken down the chronological listing by decade, out of that curiosity. Players stats while suiting up for both teams are listed as well.

While not every trade between these teams is listed here - many involved players like Doug Jarvis, who only played for one rival - those that did occurred included here are noted with an equal sign ( = ). The entirety of players (draft choices, futures ) involved in the trades will be noted along with it. If a player was sold from one team to the other, it is noted with a dollar sign ( $ ).

I resisted adding ( well maybe I didn't! ) the names of former Canadiens organizational alumni that have found their way into the Leafs hierarchy, and vice versa. Those names would list people such as Dick Irvin Sr., Frank Selke, Punch Imlach, Cliff Fletcher, Pat Burns, Ken Dryden, Keith Acton, and others. Perhaps that's another piece for another time.

Have fun with this, and enjoy the comparisons, analysis, and surprises.

The 1920's

George Patterson ( $ ) - TOR 1927-28/MON 1928-29

TOR: 12-0-0-0 /
MON: 60-5-6-11 / 3-0-0-0

George Patterson was skating for the Hamilton Tigers of the Can-Pro League when he was traded to a newly named NHL club called the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1927. He suited up in his Blue and White wool and scored the club's first-ever goal. He didn't think much of his feat, but its significance would resonate into the future as the most important accomplishment of his career.

Patterson's stay in Toronto was brief. He was sold to the Montreal Canadiens on February 8, 1928, where he played for a season and a half before being claimed on waivers by the New York Americans.

Not only did Patterson score the Leafs first franchise goal, he was also the first player to don both the Leafs and Habs jerseys - a feat long thought to be shared by George Hainsworth and Lorne Chabot.

Bert McCaffrey - TOR 1926-28/MON 1929-31

TOR: 52-6-6-12 /
MON: 50-3-4-7 / 6-1-1-2

Winger/defenseman Bert "Mac" McCaffery played his seven NHL seasons during the 1920s and 1930s for the Toronto St. Pats, the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Montreal Canadiens.

The Sum Of The Parts: No need to analyze 2 meanlingless transactions. It is just curious to note that there were two players, Patterson and McCaffrey, who shared the jerseys much before Hainsworth and Chabot. Hockey historians and Liam Maguire busters take note.

The 1930's

George Hainsworth ( = ) - MON 1926 - 33**/TOR 1933 - 37/MON 1936 - 37



















MON: 318-167-97-54 / 31-13-13-5
TOR: 147-79-48-20 / 21-9-12-0

Hall Of Fame goaltender George Hainsworth was traded to the Maple Leafs on October 1, 1933 for goaltender Lorne Chabot, and the players hence became the first goaltenders to suit up for the two teams.



















With Montreal, Hainsworth won two Stanley Cups and was the first ever winner of the Vezina Trophy winning it in its first three years of existance. As a Maple Leaf, he started every game for Toronto ( 144 ) over the next three seasons before resigned by Montreal, where he played his final four career games in 1936.

Lorne Chabot ( = ) - TOR 1928 - 33**/MON 1933 - 34

























TOR: 214-101-78-35 / 20-11-9-0
MON: 47-21-20-6 / 2-0-1-1

Chabot, like Hainsworth at the time of the trade, was a two time Stanley Cup winner with the Leafs. After one season in Montreal, he was dealt to Chicago along with Howie Morenz and Marty Burke for Lionel Conacher, Roger Jenkins and Leroy Goldsworthy, October 3, 1934. With the Blackhawks, Chabot won the Vezina trophy and was named to the All Star team. He was reaquired by the Canadiens from Chicago for cash on February 8, 1936, and traded 5 days later to the Montreal Maroons for Bill Miller, Toe Blake and the rights to Ken Grivel, February, 1936.



















Roger Jenkins - TOR 1930-31/MON 1934-35/MON 1936-37

TOR: 21-0-0-0 /
MON: 55-4-6-10 / 2-1-0-1

Roger Jenkins played right wing and defence for six different NHL teams in the 1930s. He was also an accomplished player in senior hockey and the minor pro leagues. He was best known for his hard-hitting work on the blueline and his ability to handle the puck.

In 1930-31 he was loaned to the Toronto Maple Leafs and suited up for 21 games. He was then traded to Montreal by Chicago with Leroy Goldsworthy and Lionel Conacher for Lorne Chabot, Howie Morenz and Marty Burke, October 3, 1934. Montreal traded him to Boston with Babe Siebert for Leroy Goldsworthy, Sammy McManus and $10,000, September 10, 1936.

Charlie Sands - TOR 1932 - 34/MON 1939 - 43

TOR: 48-8-11-19 / 14-3-2-5
MON: 159-28-58-86 / 7-1-1-2

Perhaps known best as the last Montreal Canadiens to wear the number 9 before Maurice Richard, Sands spent the bulk of his career as a Boston Bruin from 1934 to 1939, where he won his only Stanley Cup. Toronto had sold his rights to the Bruins in May of 1934. When he left Montreal, with Dutch Hillier, for the Rangers on October 27, 1943, the Canadiens received Phil Watson on loan for a season in an arranged deal. A center, Watson would notch 17 goals and 32 assists in a career best season that would end with a Stanley Cup win.

The Sum Of The Parts:

Not an abundance to go over here, with a mere four Habs/Leafs to add up and analyze.
Hainsworth will always be regarded as one of the great Habs goalies and Chabot's position among Leaf goalie greats is assured with two Cup wins. Neither went on to better days after being traded to Montreal and Toronto, but Chabot did excell as a Blackhawk for one year.

Toronto received little for either Hainsworth, Jenkins, or Sands, merely and a handful of cash, while Montreal parlayed two of the three assets into valuable and exchangable dividends. Flipping Chabot not once, but twice, they gained three future Hall Of Famers - Conacher, Goldsworthy, and a keeper in Blake. Sands brought them a valuable commodity in Phil Watson, a Cup experienced veteran from the Rangers, who was an integral part of the Habs 1944 Cup.

Not much to go on here, but I see a trend developing.

The 1940's


























Erwin "Murph" Chamberlain ( $ ) - TOR 1937 - 40/MON 1940 - 49**

TOR: 131-19-45-66 / 18-2-5-7
MON: 323-66-97-163 / 42-11-11-22

Chamberlain was a productive forward for the era who topped out with an 15 goal season for the Habs in 1943-44. Montreal aquired him on May 10, 1940 from the Leafs for a sum of cash, which isn't at all bad for a player who would contribute for 8 seasons and win 2 Stanley Cups with the bleu, blanc, rouge.


























Robert "Red" Heron - TOR 1938 - 41/MON 1941 - 42

TOR: 83-20-17-37 / 18-2-2-4
MON: 12-1-1-2 / 3-0-0-0

Heron was a much more valuable Leafs left winger than he was for his cup of coffee with the Canadiens. Between playing for both, Heron was a member of the New York/Brooklyn American to whom the Leafs has sold him at the term of the 1941 season. He became a Canadien as a result of loan agreement between Brooklyn and the Habs which saw him and Murph Chamberlain switch uni's for a season. Upon his reaquisition, Chamberlain spent another six seasons in Montreal.

Gord Drillon ( $ ) - TOR 1936 - 42*/MON 1942 - 43




















TOR: 362-127-121-248 / 42-22-13-35
MON: 49-28-22-50 / 5-4-2-6

As a Leaf, Drillon was a standout in his era. A constant 20 goal threat in a time where it meant something, he would win a Stanley Cup, and Art Ross Trophy, a Lady Bing, along with three All Star nominations in his six seasons in Toronto.



















On October 4, 1942, his rights were inexplicably sold to the Canadiens where he would enjoy a career year with 28 goals. Perhaps the fact that he'd enlisted in the armed forces would explain this Hall Of Famer's rather rash exit from Toronto. Drillon would continue to play hockey with army teams and minor affiliates, but would never return to NHL duty after 1943.

Rhys Thomson - MON 1939-40/TOR 1942-43

MON: 7-0-0-0 /
TOR: 18-0-2-2 /

Rhys Thomson was a big, sturdy defenseman who was signed in 1938 by the Montreal Canadiens and made his debut with 7 games during the 1939-40 season. He was traded to the New York Americans at the end of that season. He returned to Toronto where he had played junior, when his rights were picked up by the hometown Maple Leafs in the Americans dispersal draft. That season, 1942-43, Rhys split the season between the AHL's Providence Reds and the Maple Leafs of the NHL, playing 18 games with the reigning Stanley Cup champions. After being released , Rhys's hockey career continued in the senior hockey ranks, interrupted by military service in 1944.

Paul Bibeault - MON 1940 - 43/TOR 1943 - 44/MON 1945 - 46



















MON: 92-37-40-14 / 8-2-6
TOR: 29-13-14-2 / 5-1-4
MON: 10-4-6-0 / 0-0-0

Bibeault may best be remembered as the goalie who gave up 5 goals to Maurice Richard during a game in Toronto in 1944 - a feat which earned the Rocket a rare standing O from the gathered Leafs faithful, on the way to his 50 in 50 season. Oddly, Bibeault was a goalie on loan to the Leafs from Montreal at the time.



















This Habs netminder was the epitome of the term "journeyman". During the season in which he was lent to Toronto, he posted decent enough numbers to earn a Second All Star Team nod, while tying for the league lead in shutouts. Following that season, the Habs sold Bibeault's rights to the Bruins, before reaquiring them in January 1946 to sub for the injured Bill Durnan for 10 games. The price of his reaquisition from Boston was defenseman Mike McMahon ( 55-7-18-25 / 13-1-2-3 ), and the Habs ably refilled that spare part by obtaining rearguard George Allen ( 49-7-14-21 ) from the Blackhawks nine months later. Bibeault did not return to the NHL after his one season in Chicago.

Bibeault tangles with Chamberlain

















Victor Lynn ( = ) - MON 1945 - 46/TOR*** 1946 - 50

MON: 2-0-0-0 / 0-0-0-0
TOR: 213-32-58-90 / 35-6-9-15

Lynn, a defenseman, was less than a spare part on the Habs 1946 Cup machine. He was a fairly good AHL prospect ( 53-26-25-51 wirh AHL Calder Cup winning Buffalo Bisons ) when traded to the Leafs with Dutch Hiller ( 132-53-33-68 / 20-6-3-9* ) for center John Mahaffy ( 9-2-5-7 / 1-0-1-1 ), who had never dressed with Toronto, and Gerry Brown on September 21, 1946. Hiller never suited up for the Leafs, and the same goes for Brown with the Habs. The Leafs maximized the asset Lynn was by packaging him Bill Ezinicky to the Bruins for Fern Flaman, Leo Boivin, Ken Smith, and Phil Maloney.

Lynn takes out the Rocket in fine fashion

















The Sum Of The Parts:

Pretty much an even scenario for trades and aquisitions between both teams in the 1940's. Perhaps a slight nod to the Leafs during a decade in which they ruled. The Leafs garnered much more millage out of the Lynn trade than did the Canadiens, although the Chamberlain aquisition by Montreal was a sure steal for less long term dividends. Heron's fate was inconsequential for either team, and considering that the Drillon exchange was for cash versus one great year, I'd call that a draw as well. In the Bibeault swing back and forth, the Habs lost little while gaining two useful defenseman for an additional season. The margin is best laid out by Stanley Cups for the decade in which the Leafs ruled with 4 and the Canadiens with two.

The 1950's

Bob Dawes - TOR 1946 - 50*/MON 1950 - 51

TOR: 17-2-2-4 / 9-0-0-0
MON: 15-0-5-5 / 1-0-0-0

Nothing much to split up here. Dawes was sold off to Cleveland of the AHL, who then sold him to the Buffalo Bisons, who then sold him to the Cincinnati Mohaws, all in a 13 month span. He ended up in a Habs sweater via the loaning of Canadiens Paul Masnick to Cincinnati on February 13, 1951.

John McCormack ( $ ) - TOR 1947 - 51/MON 1951 - 54*

TOR: 84-12-13-25 / 6-1-0-1
MON: 164-8-29-37 / 16-0-1-1



















McCormack was a fringe center who was sold to the Habs, who in turn lost him to Chicago in the 1954 waiver draft. He did suit for 9 playoff games with the 1953 Stanley Cup champion Canadiens, though his name was never etched in with the three - peat winning Leaf team of the late 1940's. Not exactly fair!

Gaye Stewart - TOR 1941 - 48**/MON 1952 - 54

TOR: 165-81-52-133 / 16-2-7-9
MON: 5-0-1-1 / 3-0-0-0

Gaye Stewart's NHL career was one that was compromised by WWII. A star with the 1940's Maple Leafs, Stewart would play for all of 5 original 6 teams, save for the Bruins. He won 2 Stanley Cups with Toronto where a mere 5 seasons added up many achievements. He was the NHL Rookie of the Year in 1943, with 48-24-23-47 totals. Aside from leading the NHL in goals with 37 in 1946, Stewart amassed 2 All Star Team nominations during his time as well.



















He was involved in one of the decade's biggest maga deals when the Leafs sent him along with Bud Poile, Bob Graham, Gus Bodnar, and Ernie Dickens to Chicago for superstar Max Bently and CyThomas. In 1952, the Canadiens aquired him via waivers from the Rangers, and after appearing in just five games, sent him to their affiliate Quebec Aces, where he posted 29-13-20-33 number. Stewart played the 1953-54 season with the Habs AHL affiliate Buffalo Bisons, where he notched 42 goals and 53 assists in 70 games. After appearing in 3 playoff games with the Cup winning Habs that same season, he was traded outright to the Bisons, with Pete Barbando and Eddie Slowinski for Jackie Leclair and cash. The 1954-55 season in Buffalo would be Stewart's last year in hockey.

Check out the feast of photo's on Stewart's career at HHOF.com.

Paul Masnick ( $ ) - MON 1950 - 55*/TOR 1957 - 58

MON: 180-15-32-47 / 33-4-5-9
TOR: 41-2-9-11 / 0-0-0-0




















Masnick was a defensive center with the early 50's Habs. Two years after winning a Stanley Cup with Montreal in 1953, he was traded to Chicago for Al Dewsbury, who never suited up for Montreal. The Canadiens reaquired his rights 32 days later and farmed him out to their Montreal Royals affiliate. On June 4, 1955, the Canadiens lent his rights, and those of two other players, to Winnipeg of the WHL. He was transferred to Toronto in a cash deal on September 30, 1957.

Bert Olmstead - MON 1950 - 58****/TOR 1958 - 62*


















MON: 508-103-280-383 / 86-8-34-42
TOR: 246-56-109-165 / 29-8-9-17

Olmstead was an unheralded key cog in the Habs 1950's fortunes as a second line centerman behind Jean Beliveau. Aquired from the Red Wings for Leo Gravelle after refusing to report to Detroit from a prior Chicago trade, Olmstead was a diamond in the rough for the Habs through 8 seasons.




















Despite never notching 20 goals, he was a Second Team All Star twice, based primarily on his passing merits. After a 1957-58 season in which his production dropped off, the Maple Leafs scooped up Olmstead in an inter league draft. He offered the Leafs four solid seasons, culminating in a 1962 Cup win for Toronto. The Rangers then turned the same trick on the Leafs, claiming Olmstead in the pre-season draft, but the 36 year old chose retirement over hockey in New York.

Gary Edmunson - MON 1951 - 52/TOR 1959 - 60

MON: 1-0-0-0 / 2-0-0-0
TOR: 42-4-6-10 / 9-0-0-0

No story here, as Edmunson was nothing more than a minor leaguer with above average numbers in the AHL and WHL who could never translate that success beyond that level. He was a Hab on paper only, as Montreal had aquired his rights for a whole three games in March of 1952. The Springfield Indians of the AHL dealt his rights to the Leafs in 1959 for a player named Frank Roggeveen.
























The Sum Of The Parts:

Six players between the two teams changed hands, with three going each way. Edmunson, Masnick, Dawes, and McCormack were each inconsequential at best. Gaye Stewart was a former Leafs star, who had little to offer the Canadiens by the time of his arrival, while Olmstead had enough gas in the tank left to help the Leafs rebuild into contention. While none of the six aquisitions translated into great dividends either way upon their departures from the Habs and Leafs, this decade is an even draw as far as that goes. In the balance of the decade, however, is the Canadiens edge in Stanley Cup wins, 6-1 that speaks loudest in the 1950's.

The Final Tally:

In total, from the 1920's to the end of the 1950's, there were 7 Montreal Canadiens who became Maple Leafs one way or another. Eleven former Leafs arrived in Montreal via different routes during the same period. As it appears, Montreal were managing the assets much better than Toronto, who apart from a trade or two, received little dividends for departing players, often settling, or perhaps preferring cash.

The players Montreal aquired would win a collective three Stanley Cups. Toronto would do them one better, if one includes the Cup won by Olmstead in 1962.

Stay tuned for tomorrow's: Habs And Leafs: A Jersey Shared - Part 2: The 1960's and 1970's

Habs And Leafs: A Jersey Shared - Part 2: The 1960's and 1970's

For hockey fans in Canada, the decade of the 1960's was the equivalent of hockey heaven, as the country's two teams were perenial Stanley Cup favorites. The Canadiens started off the decade as five time champions, but with Maurice Rocket Richard's retirement, the team was in transition and took some steps back.

In Toronto meanwhile, the Maple Leafs were busy building a claim of their own. After losing out to Chicago in 1961, the Leafs strung three Cup titles together as the Habs subtly retuned and rebuilt.

From 1961 to 1964, the Canadiens were ousted in the first round, never to meet the Leafs in the final until 1967 - likely the last time it would ever happen. The playoff format was different then - first place met third, second met fourth.

The Canadiens were still a strength, finishing 1st overall in 1961 and 1962, only to lose to Chicago both times. The following season, the Habs were a mere three points back of first place Toronto, but finished third and were ousted by the Leafs. In 1964, the teams switched places in the final standings, with the result being the same.

Montreal would meet the Leafs in the first rounds of 1965 and 1966, defeating them both years on their way to winning the Cup. As Montreal would handle Toronto four straight the second year, the 1967 Cup final was set up as a mismatched battle of 1960's titans. It would be the perenial contenders adrift from Montreal versus an aging but wily club from Toronto.

It was Canada's centennial year, and Expo 67 was being held in Montreal. With the Canadiens overly assured at making it three in a row, the Maple Leafs used the Habs overconfidence as motivation. An upset ensued, and a classic one at that, as the Leafs oldtimers shut down the Habs offense in four of six games, winning their 13th Stanley Cup. While Montreal was stunned, they were also stung. The following season, the NHL doubled in size, and the Canadiens were once more back at the podium.

Unfortunately for hockey fans in Canada, that 1967 series would become a landmark of where the two teams started to go in different directions. While Montreal continued to produce winning teams, the Leafs lost sight of the formula that made them winners. The Canadiens reign would last, on and off, with 8 Cups in the next 12 seasons. Toronto spiralled beyond comprehension for twenty five years, not becoming worthy contenders again in 1993.

During the competitive 1960's, only 11 players suited up for both the Habs and Leafs, neither team daring the repercussions of a major trade between the two. The players who donned both jerseys were a collection one time prospects who didn't fit in with strong teams, journeymen who made for roster extra's, and players seemingly having seen better days.

The 1960's

Al McNeil ( = ) - TOR 1955-60/MON 1960-61

TOR: 71-4-8-12 / MON: 41-1-7-8 / 5-0-0-0 Defenseman Al MacNeil played over 500 NHL games in the 50s and 60s. He was capable of taking the body in his own end and was fairly effective at passing the puck ahead to his forwards.




















Born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, MacNeil was a Toronto Maple Leafs prospect and played three years with the junior Marlboros. During his first four pro seasons he was mostly used as a injury replacement while seeing full time duty with the Rochester Americans of the AHL. The one exception was his 53 game tenure on the Toronto blueline in 1953-54.

In June, 1960, MacNeil was traded to the Montreal Canadiens who assigned him to the EPHL's Hull-Ottawa Canadiens for the entire 1960-61 schedule. The next season he played 61 games and provided grit and steady play in his own end for the Habs. With youngsters like Jacques Laperriere waiting in the wings, Montreal opted to send MacNeil to the Chicago Black Hawks in May, 1962. He went on to enjoy the finest stretch of his career as a regular for the next four years on one of the top clubs in the league.

After retiring as a player, MacNeil succeeded Claude Ruel as coach of the Montreal Canadiens 23 games into the 1970-71. He led them to a strong finish and an upset of the Boston Bruins in the quarterfinals on the way to the Stanley Cup. Unrest in the dressing room cost MacNeil a chance to return in 1971-72.

Eddie Litzenberger - MON 1952 - 55/TOR 1961 - 64***

























MON: 34-8-2-12 /
TOR: 114-17-23-40 / 20-1-4-5

In the seven seasons between stops in Montreal and Toronto, Litzenberger was a much better Blackhawk than he ever was a Hab or Leaf, offensively speaking. He was lost among many good Habs prospects in the mid fifties, and was traded to Chicago for Paul Masnick on December 10, 1954. He a key componant of the Hawks 1961 Cup run but was dealt to Detroit in the offseason. Midway through the 1961-62 season, the Leafs scooped Litzenberger off waivers, and he became a part of Toronto's three Cup dynasty of the early sixties. It's hard to say if he would have ever fit in with the Canadiens, who certainly didn't miss him from 1955 to 1960.

Bronco Horvath - MON 1956 - 57/TOR 1962 - 63

MON: 1-0-0-0 /
TOR: 10-0-4-4 /

Horvath's tale is similar to that of Litzenberger in that there was no room for him in Montreal in the late 1950's. The Canadiens aquired Horvath in a cash deal with Rangers and he appeared in only one game in 1957. Claimed in the inter-league draft the hapless Bruins, Horvath became a player in Beantown, leading the NHL in goals with 39 in 1960. He would pass through Chicago and New York a second time before the Leafs would pick him off waivers in January of 1963. Horvath would go on to tear up the AHL with the Rochester Americans where he'd win 3 Calder Cups.

Cesare Maniago - TOR 1960 - 61/MON 1962 - 63

























TOR: 7-4-2-1 / 2-1-1
MON:14-5-5-4 /

Cesare Maniago would become best known as the franchise goalie for the expansion Minnesota North Stars in 1967. Maniago was a highly thought of hot prospect, due to his large frame and size, who toiled in the Leafs system for a few years in the early 1960's.



















The Habs Maniago claimed him off waivers from Toronto and after a dazzling season with the Hull Ottawa Canadiens, Maniago made it to Montreal as Jacques Plante's backup in 1962-63. Two years later, with Gump Worsley and Charlie Hodge ahead of him on the depth chart, the Habs swung a six player deal with the Rangers that brought Noel Price, Earl Ingarfield, Dave McComb, and Gord Labossierre into the Canadiens organization.

Marc Reaume - TOR 1954 - 60/MON 1963 - 64

TOR: 266-8-39-47 / 19-0-2-2
MON: 3-0-0-0/

Reaume was a very sound defenseman with the Leafs in the latter half of the 1950's. Groomed as a solid stay at home type with the St. Mike Majors, Reaume would fetch the Leafs a jewel upon his trade to Detroit - one on one for Red Kelly during the 1960 season. The Habs paid double price for Reaume in 1963, sending two decent minor leaguers, Ralph Keller and Chuck Hamilton, to Hershey (AHL) for what amounted to a three game stint with Montreal. After the 1964 season, he was reclaimed by the Leafs organization where he remained a solid minor league defenseman in their system for a half dozen seasons.

Dick Duff - TOR 1954 - 64**/MON 1964 - 70****




















TOR: 582-174-168-342 / 54-14-23-37
MON: 305-87-85-172 / 60-16-26-42

For a decade, Hall Of Famer Dick Duff was a constant 20 goal threat for the Maple Leafs, and was a key player in their early 1960's Cup wins. Duff's production was tailing off some during the regular season in 1963-64 and he was traded to the Rangers in a mega deal with Bob Nevin, Arnie Brown, Bill Collins and Rod Seilling for Andy Bathgate and Don McKenny.



















The Canadiens aquired Duff within a year after he disappointed in New York, and he refound his 20 goal scoring touch with the Habs. He would go on to win four Stanley Cups with Montreal from 1965 to 1969. The following season, he was traded to the Los Angeles Kings for Dennis Hextall.

Dickie Moore - MON 1951 - 63******/TOR 1964 - 65



















MON: 654-254-340-594 / 112-38-56-94
TOR: 38-2-4-6 / 5-1-1-2

Moore's worth to the Habs cannot be summed up in a mere paragragh. He is the Canadiens all time best left winger, who prospered during the team's most glorious reign. Winner of two Art Ross Trophies, he once held the NHL record for points in a season.

























Having left the game in 1963 while still productive, he was tempted out of retirement by Toronto after they had claimed him in the June inter-league draft. His season in a Leafs jersey left much to be desired and Moore called it quits again. Three years later, at age 37, he was back at it once more, this time with the St. Louis Blues. A fair regular season ensued and Moore found his old touch in 1968 playoffs, with 7 goals and 7 assists in 18 games.

Dick Gamble - MON 1950 - 56/TOR 1965 - 67

























MON: 178-38-41-79 / 14-1-2-3
TOR: 3-1-0-1 /

The Maple Leafs initially held Gamble's NHL rights, but felt he was too small to be of use. Instead, Punch Imlach brought Gamble to the Quebec Aces where in 1950-51 he notched 94 points in 77 games.

Canadiens coach Dick Irvin Sr. took notice, bringing the young ace to Montreal in 1951. During his first full season, Gamble potted 42 points and a chance to skate with Rocket Richard and Elmer Lach. But injuries and illness took their toll, taking the steam out of his scoring touch. By 1953, after an All-Star game appearance, Gamble was traded to the Blackhawks, returned to the Canadiens and then sent back to Imlach and his Aces.

By 1957, Gamble joined the AHL, where thirteen seasons with the Buffalo Bisons and the Rochester Americans established him as one of the most prolific and durable scorers in league history. He nailed down eleven 30-goal plus seasons and is ranked fifth among all-time point scorers and fourth in all-time goals. In 1965, the Leafs apparently had a change of heart somewhat and made a trade with the Bisons. Gamble would only suit up for three games with Toronto.

Noel Price - TOR 1958 - 59/MON 1965 - 67

TOR: 29-0-0-0 / 5-0-0-0
MON: 39-0-9-9 / 3-0-1-1



















Noel Price was a journeyman fringe defenseman, a solid stay at homer, perhaps too good for the AHL, but yet not quite rounded enough to be a full time NHL'er. After short stints in Toronto, Detroit, New York, and Montreal, the 1967 expansion altered his worth. Despite his shortcomings, Price was an astute observer of the position, and was twice later reaquired by Montreal to tutor young prospects on the Nova Scotia Voyageurs roster - namely Larry Robinson. Both Montreal and Toronto gained little upon trading for or aquiring Price, as he always seemed to be packaged in multi-player deals.

Bill Sutherland - MON 1962 - 63/TOR 1968 - 69

MON: 0-0-0-0 / 2-0-0-0
TOR: 44-7-5-12 /

Sutherland toiled in the Habs farm system for a decade by the time he saw action for the Canadiens in the 1963 playoffs. The 1967 expansion was his savior and he became a Philadelphia Flyer for a year. Toronto claimed him in the inter-league draft of 1968, and dealt him back to Philly in a package that gained the Leafs future Calder Cup winner Brit Selby.

Larry Hillman - TOR 1960 - 68/MON 1968 - 69

TOR: 260-13-75-88 / 32-2-3-5
MON:25-0-5-5 / 1-0-0-0

Larry Hillman was one of the most traveled professional hockey players to ever sit aboard a train, a bus and eventually, an airplane. During his 22-year pro career, he played for 15 different teams. All the while, no one confused him with Bobby Orr. His most settled times were the eight seasons he shuffled back and forth between Toronto and its AHL counterparts, the Rochester Americans. Rarely traded, but often waivered, Hillman landed in Montreal for the 1969 playoff stretch run, punching the clock for 25 games.

Larry Mickey - TOR 1968 - 69/MON 1969 - 70

TOR: 55-8-9-17 / 3-0-0-0
MON: 21-4-4-8 / 0-0-0-0

In June of 1969 the Toronto Maple Leafs chose Larry Mickey in the intra-league draft and he went on to score 27 points, playing on an effective line with Forbes Kennedy and Brit Selby. He then toiled briefly with the Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings, and Philadelphia Flyers before finishing off his NHL tenure by spending parts of four seasons with the Buffalo Sabres.

The Sum Of The Parts:

Six one-time Leafs became Habs, and five former Leafs suited up for the Canadiens. The Leafs won 3 Cups with Lizenberger, and Montreal won 4 with Duff. Of the remaining players, it could be said that both Toronto and Montreal likely never envisioned Maniago as a goalie of prominance, but neither suffered greatly for losing him. The Leafs turned Marc Reaume over for great returns. While the Habs might have been premature in letting both Litzenberger and Horvath depart, it can be argued that neither had a future in Montreal - at least none that would have altered a Stanley Cup landscape.

I'd give a slight edge to Toronto in turning over assets for short lived successes in the decade, though Montreal equalled that edge by getting more out of Duff that the Leafs did out of Moore. Still, without any deals between the teams, the decade is an absolute draw as far as which former players of either team gave whichever team an advantage.

The 1970's

Jacques Plante - MON 1947 - 63******/TOR 1970 - 73

MON: 556-314-133-107 / 90-59-28
TOR: 106-48-38-15 / 6-0-4

One of the most legendary figures in the history of goaltending, Jacques Plante not only dominated the position, he helped reinvented it. Plante was the backbone of the Canadiens 1950's dynasty before his personal antics and sideshow behavior earned him a ticket to the Rangers.

















After a successful run with the Blues, including a pair of Stanley Cup final appearances, Plante became a Maple Leaf and refound his form. Both the Habs and Leafs did well in exchanges when Plante departed them. The Habs gained Gump Worsley - who helped them to four more Stanley Cups - and a handfull of role players. Toronro shipped him along with a minor leaguer to Boston for a first round pick that became Ian Turnbull.

























Garry Monahan - MON 1967 - 69/TOR 1970 - 75

MON: 14-0-0-0 /
TOR: 313-51-73-124 / 15-2-1-3

The first player ever drafted in an amateur draft in 1963, Monahan barely slugged it out in Montreal's system for six seasons. His game had some attraction, and when Detroit offered Peter Mahovlich for him, Sam Pollock could not refuse. In the early 1970's, Monahan found himself a Leaf, becoming a reliable forward who did not miss a game for four seasons. Toronto shipped him to Los Angeles for some fringe returns, reaquiring 4 years later for cash.

Frank Mahovlich - TOR 1956 - 68****/MON 1970 - 74**

TOR: 720-296-301-597/ 76-24-36-60
MON: 263-129-181-310 / 49-27-31-58



















Frank Mahovlich is simply one of the greatest left wingers to play the game. Some hockey experts have even suggested that had he ended up elsewhere than Toronto, his numbers would have been even greater. With the Leafs, Mahovlich was a superstar, but a depressed and seemingly underachieving one.

Regardless of the 4 Cup wins in Toronto, Mahovlich was often miserable, for his treatment from the Leafs staff left much to be desired. After Toronto refused a million dollar offer for him from Chicago, things really staled, and his relationship with coach Punch Imlach caused Mahovlich to take medical leaves more than once.

The Leafs pulled off one of the biggest trades ever, sending Mahovlich in a package to Detroit that made Norm Ullman and Paul Henderson Maple Leafs. Mahovlich refound his enthusiam in Motown, notching a 49 goal campaign in his first full season there. Joy, in Detroit was brief however, as Wings management seemed directionless during the Big M's time there.



















Needing a boost, the Canadiens sent three players, including future 50 goal man Mickey Redmond to the Wings in hopes of stimulating the Habs playoff hopes. It worked to extremes, and Mahovlich was peerless in leading all playoff scorers while Montreal confounded hockey experts on the way to an unlikely 1971 Stanley Cup. Mahovlich remained a Hab for three further excellent seasons, some of his most productive and consistant ones. Another Cup followed in 1973. The Big M jumped to the WHA in 1974, when Montreal's contract offer fell way short of his demands.

Wayne Thomas - MON 1972 - 74/TOR 1975 - 77






















MON: 52-31-13-8 / 0-0-0
TOR: 97-38-37-25 / 15-6-8

In Montreal, Wayne Thomas may best be remembered as a goalie who stepped in when Ken Dryden stepped out in 1974. Originally a Maple Leafs prospect, the Habs aquired Thomas from the L.A. Kings four years earlier.









































As Dryden returned, Thomas sat out the entire 1974-75 season before being bargained off to Toronto for their first round pick in the 1976 draft (Peter Lee). Upon arriving in Toronto, Thomas was stellar, and earned an invite to the mid-season All Star game. Halfway through the next year, Thomas lost his role to the up and coming Mike Palmateer, and was placed on waivers. He finished his career as a New York Rangers to little success.



The Sum Of The Parts:



It's quite cut and dried here. In the 1970's, Montreal added one former cast off Leaf, who played a major role in two Cup wins. The Leafs picked up three former Habs who offered them temporary success at best, but hardly represented building blocks.



The Final Tally:



If so few players from each organization changed hands as the 1960's became the 1970's, it is completely explained by the different directions the teams were headed in. Montreal added players who would put them over the top, or at least help maintain their status there. Toronto sought to remain competitive by bringing in players who would make them better at the time, regardless of the long term or the big picture. Montreal's building from within philosophy made adding such players sensible. Toronto's view of maintaining respectability blinded them to the values of building from within. Some suggest that continues to this day.

Kostitsyn's Newest Branch On Habs Family Tree

(Robert L Note: This piece was originally posted at EOTP on June 20, 2007, and is being revived due to the arrival of Sergei Kostitsyn, brother of Andrei, with the Canadiens for tonights game in Philadelphia. The Kostitsyn brothers are not the 13th pair of brother to suit up for the Habs, as claimed by Habs Inside Out, but rather the 15th such occurrance. This post also took in relations other than siblings, including fathers and sons, uncles, and nephews, inside and outside the Canadiens realm. It was interesting research and makes for a revealing and fun read. Discover and enjoy!)

Tuesday at work (No, this ain't my real job, folks) I was talking Canadiens prospects with a co-worker when the future brother act of Andrei and Sergei Kostitsyn came up. My friend knew some about Andrei, liking what he'd seen of him so far, but knew nothing of Sergei.

After rattling off the junior exploits of the younger Sergei, and stating that it is not farfetched to think the younger longshot pick could turn out to be the better of the two, my co-worker got me on a Habs trivia question.

Well he kinda got me! I was stumped for the answer, because it was wrong.

He asked me which two brothers played together for the Canadiens, a defenseman and a forward, who wore numbers 3 and 5?













Immediately, like a reflex, I said, "The Cleghorns, Sprague and Odie, back in the 1920's!"

"Huh!", came the reply! "Nope, that's not it!"

"Well I know, I think, one of the Cleghorns wore one of those numbers and one was a defenseman, the other a forward."

"Maybe. Never heard of them. But that's not who I had in mind", said my friend.

My wheels were spinning now, trying to remember all the brother combos who'd played for Montreal, both together and at separate times.

"Ever heard of Moe Robinson?", I asked.

"Geez, if ya can remember dat one...."

After thinking of about 7 pairs of brothers, scratching my brain hard, I came to the conclusion...

"Okay, I give up, who am I forgetting?"
























Shaking his head, buddy says, "Can't believe you don't remember Gilles and J.C. Tremblay!"

"Not brothers. Don't think so, at least. You're wrong there!"

Without getting into an argument, I simply said that I remember hearing a question about them being brothers at one time, but that I was quite certain it was a popular but false assumption.

"I'll check it out, and get back to you on it."

I was taught young by my father, not to argue when you know you're right, and never lay bets when there's doubt. I never lost a buck thinking that way!

Tomorrow, I was thinking, "I'm putting money down on it !"

The worse case scenario will be that I'd be proven wrong, and end up with one interesting post.

As I started researching the all time Habs Brothers, I found information quite easily. I started at the Habs official site, looking up common surnames on the all time roster before googling the term "NHL Hockey Siblings".

I found all I needed to find in both searches, almost!

Another old credo father taught me (way before the days of internet misinformation) was don't believe everything you read, and that includes here, folks.

Sprague Cleghorn



















Odie Cleghorn



















So far, Gilles and Jean Claude aren't even distant cousins, nevermind brothers.

Both the Habs official site and the Wiki link had ommisions. That's the nature of the beast, simply put!

Wiki started out promising and insightful. I urge everyone to check out this most informative page for every type of hockey relation possible, from fathers and sons, to distant cousins. It's a great read.

There are many occasions where brothers played with the Canadiens, both together and separately. At the top of the Wiki page, this statement whet my appetite for the information contained below.

"Perhaps because of their longevity in the league, the Montreal Canadiens have seen the most familial connections with 20: fourteen brother pairs (actually only 11 were listed), two father / son combinations, one grandfather / grandson combo, one uncle / nephew pair, one set (actually there are 2) of brothers in law, and one combination of father in law and son in law."

"Wow, I thought, this is interesting!"

Billy Boucher



















The 14 brother pairs, not counting the Kostitsyn's, are:

Georges and Pierre Vezina (not listed)
Cleghorn, Sprague and Odie
Aurel, Rene Joliat (not listed)
Boucher, Billy and Bobby
Mantha, Georges and Sylvio
Pit, Hector Lepine* (not listed)
Richard, Maurice and Henri
Reardon, Kenny and Terry
McCreary, Keith and Bill
Mahovlich, Pete and Frank
Robinson, Larry, Moe*
Lemieux, Claude and Jocelyn
Lebeau, Stephan and Patrick
Turgeon, Sylvain and Pierre*

Wiki makes no mention whether the Rousseau's, Guy, Rolland, and Bobby* are in fact brothers or not,

Maurice Richard



















Henri Richard



















Of course, soon to be included hopefully are the Kostitsyn's, Andrei and Sergei, for a total of 14 Habs brothers. The names with an asterisk, are brothers who did not play together.

The father and son pairs are:

Bouchard, Butch and Pierre
Geoffrion, Bernie and Danny

Kenny Reardon



















Terry Reardon



















The grandfather and grandson:

Howie Morenz and Danny Geoffrion

The father in law / son in law combo:

Howie Morenz and Bernie Geoffrion

The uncle and nephew pairs:

Larry Hillman and nephew Brian Savage

Christian and Sebastien Bordeleau

Emile Bouchard

















Pierre Bouchard
























Cousins:

Claude Pronovost and Andre Pronovost

In - laws:

Howie Morenz and son in law Bernie Geoffrion
Mark Napier and brother in law Pat Hughes
Shayne Corson and brother in law Darcy Tucker

Other Montreal Canadiens players with a sibling, in law, or cousin in the league at one time or another, who were never teammates, on the Wiki list is lengthy. It's often a case of "Wish we had the other brother!"

There are likely some ommissions here as well.

Pete Mahovlich



















Frank Mahovlich



















The Montreal Canadien is named first, followed by the relative.

Boucher, Billy and Bob were brothers of Frank and Buck
Bordeleau, Paulin, brothers of Christian and J. P.
Broderick, Len, and Ken
Bure, Valeri and Pavel
Courtnall, Russ and Geoff
Dionne, Gilbert and Marcel
Dryden, Ken and Dave
Esposito, Tony and Phil
Fillion, Robert and Marcel
Flockart, Ron and Rob
Hillman, Larry and bothers Wayne and Floyd
Hossa, Marcel and Marian
Hunter, Mark and brothers Dave (drafted but never played for Habs) and Dale
Gardner, Dave and Paul
Koivu, Saku and Mikko
Kordic, John and Dan
Lefley, Chuck and Bryan
Linden, Trevor and Jamie
Odelein, Lyle and Selmar
Pronovost, Claude and brothers Marcel and Jean
Redmond, Mickey and Dick
Roberge, Mario and Serge
Roy, Patrick and Stephane
Shannon, Darryl and Darrin
Wilson, Murray and Doug

Larry Robinson



















Moe (Where's Curly?) Robinson

















Fathers and sons:

Arnason, Chuck and son Tyler
Bordeleau, Sebastien and father Paulin
Chouinard, Eric and father Guy
Cote, Jean-Philippe and father Alain
Gainey, Bob and Steve
Gardner, Dave and father Cal
Goldup, Glenn and father Hank
Laperierre, Jacques and son Daniel
Larose, Claude and son Guy
McCreary, Bill Sr. and Bill Jr.
Vachon, Rogie and son Nick
Wilson, Rick and son Landon

Stephane Lebeau



















Patrick Lebeau



















Uncles and nephews:

Sebastien Bordeleau and uncles Christian and J.P.
Randy Bucyk and uncle Johnny Bucyk
Manny Fernandez and uncle Jacques Lemaire (his former coach)
Keith McCreary and nephew Bill McCreary Jr.
Brian Savage and uncles Wayne, Floyd, and Larry Hillman

Bob Perreault





















Gilbert Perreault




















Cousins:

Chris Chelios and Nikos Tselios
Eric Chouinard and Marc Chouinard
Dale Hoganson and Paul Hoganson
Doug Jarvis and Wes Jarvis
Bob Perreault and Gilbert Perreault
Mickey Redmond and Craig Redmond
Randy Rota and Darcy Rota
Scott Thornton and Joe Thornton
Perry Turnbull and Randy Turnbull

Darcy Tucker
























In - laws:

Guy Carbonneau and son in law Brendan Morrow
Dan Geoffrion and brother in law Hartland Monahan

The Wiki link has information sidebars on most of the players named. Save the page as a favorite and dazzle your best buddy with some of these trivial delights.